Greek Alphabet
for Math & Science
Complete reference for Greek letters with their names, symbols, and common uses in mathematics and science.
| Upper | Lower | Name | Sound | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Α | α | Alpha | a | |
| Β | β | Beta | b | |
| Γ | γ | Gamma | g | |
| Δ | δ | Delta | d | |
| Ε | ε | Epsilon | e | |
| Ζ | ζ | Zeta | z | |
| Η | η | Eta | ē | |
| Θ | θ | Theta | th | |
| Ι | ι | Iota | i | |
| Κ | κ | Kappa | k | |
| Λ | λ | Lambda | l | |
| Μ | μ | Mu | m | |
| Ν | ν | Nu | n | |
| Ξ | ξ | Xi | x | |
| Ο | ο | Omicron | o | |
| Π | π | Pi | p | |
| Ρ | ρ | Rho | r | |
| Σ | σ | Sigma | s | |
| Τ | τ | Tau | t | |
| Υ | υ | Upsilon | u | |
| Φ | φ | Phi | ph | |
| Χ | χ | Chi | ch | |
| Ψ | ψ | Psi | ps | |
| Ω | ω | Omega | ō |
Most Used Symbols
π (Pi) - The Circle Constant
π ≈ 3.14159... is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Used extensively in geometry, trigonometry, and physics.
Σ (Sigma) - Summation
Uppercase Σ represents summation. Lowercase σ represents standard deviation in statistics or stress in physics.
Δ (Delta) - Change
Represents change or difference. Δx means "change in x". Lowercase δ is used for small variations.
θ (Theta) - Angles
The most common symbol for unknown angles in trigonometry and geometry. Also used for angular position.
λ (Lambda) - Wavelength
Represents wavelength in physics, eigenvalues in linear algebra, and decay constants in nuclear physics.
φ (Phi) - Golden Ratio
φ ≈ 1.618... is the golden ratio, found in art, architecture, and nature. Also used for magnetic flux and angles.